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3.A rectangle has a perimeter of 20 cm. One of its sides is 6 cm. What is its area in square centimetres?[3]
A14
B24
C40
D60
E96
4.A pattern of tiles repeats: black, black, white. What colour is the 100th tile?[3]
Ablack
Bwhite
Cit depends where you start counting
Dgrey, because the pattern breaks
Ethere is no 100th tile
5.One minute is left. Three questions have no answer written and you cannot do any of them. Nothing is taken off for a wrong answer. What should you do?[3]
ALeave them blank, because guessing is not really doing the maths
BWrite an answer for every one of them
CAnswer only the one you nearly understand
DLeave them blank so it is clear you ran out of time
EWrite your working instead of an answer
6.A pack of 24 pencils is shared equally among 4 children. Each child then gives 2 pencils to a teacher. How many pencils do the children have left altogether?[4]
A4
B6
C16
D18
E22
7.In how many ways can 7 be written as the sum of two different whole numbers bigger than zero? Swapping the order does not make a new way.[4]
A3
B4
C6
D7
E12
8.A cube 3 units on each side is built from unit cubes and painted all over the outside. How many of the small cubes have no paint on them at all?[4]
A0
B1
C6
D8
E27
9.Two apples balance three pears. One apple weighs 90 grams. How many grams does one pear weigh?[4]
A45
B60
C90
D135
E180
10.Ana says: "Bo and I are both liars." Each child is either always truthful or always a liar. Who is telling the truth?[4]
AAna only
BBo only
Cboth of them
Dneither of them
Eit cannot be decided
11.All the red boxes are heavy. Box X is not heavy. What must be true?[4]
ABox X is red
BBox X is not red
CBox X is blue
DSome red boxes are light
ENothing can be said about box X
12.A staircase of blocks has 4 blocks in the first step, 7 in the second and 10 in the third. How many blocks are in the eighth step?[4]
A22
B24
C25
D28
E32
13.Twice a number, with 3 added, gives 17. Which of the choices is the number?[4]
A5
B7
C10
D14
E20
14.How many two-digit numbers have both of their digits odd?[5]
A10
B20
C25
D45
E50
15.A code uses the letters A, B and C, each exactly once. How many codes do not start with A?[5]
A2
B3
C4
D6
E9
Math Kangaroo Star · https://kangaroo-atlas.vercel.app · seed 1 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 · Independent project, not affiliated with Math Kangaroo in USA, NFP.
Answer key — Math Kangaroo practice
Each wrong choice carries the thinking that produces it. When a student picks C, this is what they were doing.
1.C — 210KA-0057Clever regrouping (pair to round numbers)
AI paired the numbers from the outside in but left the 20 out of every pair, so I added only up to 19.
BI estimated the total as a round number instead of working it out.
DI used eleven pairs of 20 instead of ten pairs of 21.
EI multiplied 20 by 21 and forgot that pairing counts every number twice.
2.E — the two diagonals are the same lengthKA-0079Properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
AI confused a rectangle with a square, which is only one special kind of rectangle.
BI remembered a fact about squares and rhombuses and applied it to every rectangle.
CI counted the two diagonals as lines of symmetry, which only works for a square.
DI used the angle sum of a triangle on a four-sided shape.
3.B — 24KA-0083Perimeter and area of rectilinear shapes
AI subtracted 6 from 20 and gave that, which is neither a side nor an area.
CI took the other side to be 20 minus 6 divided by 2, forgetting there are two sides of each length.
DI multiplied the perimeter by half the known side instead of finding the missing side first.
EI used 16 as the other side, taking 20 minus 6 plus 2 rather than working from the perimeter properly.
4.A — blackKA-0108Repeating cycles and position mod n
BI got a remainder of 1 but read the last colour of the repeat rather than the first.
CI thought the pattern had no fixed first tile, even though tile one is given.
DI assumed a repeating pattern must eventually change.
EI assumed the pattern runs only for as many tiles as one repeat contains.
5.B — Write an answer for every one of themKA-0127Never leave a blank — there is no penalty
AI treated guessing as dishonest, but the rules of the paper explicitly allow it and cost nothing.
CI answered one and left two blanks that could each have scored, at no risk.
DI tried to communicate with the marker, but only the answers are scored.
EI offered working on a paper where only the chosen letter is marked.
6.C — 16KA-0019Multi-step arithmetic word problems
AI found what one child has left and gave that instead of the total for all four.
BI divided 24 by 4 and then subtracted 2 twice, mixing up per-child steps with total steps.
DI subtracted 2 pencils once from the whole pack instead of once from each of the four children.
EI subtracted the 2 before sharing, so only one lot of 2 ever came out of the total.
7.A — 3KA-0076Casework
BI included 0 and 7 as a pair, even though both numbers have to be bigger than zero.
CI counted both orders of each pair, even though swapping does not make a new way.
DI counted every starting number from 1 to 7 without checking which pairs repeat.
EI counted both orders and also allowed pairs of equal numbers.
8.B — 1KA-0089Building and counting with unit cubes
AI assumed every small cube touches the outside somewhere.
CI counted the cubes at the centre of each face, which are painted on one side.
DI counted the corner cubes, which are the most painted rather than the least.
EI gave the total number of small cubes instead of the unpainted ones.
9.B — 60KA-0093Weighing and balance puzzles
AI halved the apple's weight, as if one apple balanced two pears.
CI assumed a pear must weigh the same as an apple because the two sides balance.
DI multiplied the apple's weight by three halves the wrong way round, making the pear heavier.
EI gave the total weight of the two apples rather than the weight of one pear.
10.B — Bo onlyKA-0096Truth-tellers and liars
AI took Ana's statement at face value without checking whether a truthful person could say it.
CI decided nobody was lying without testing Ana's statement against that assumption.
DI believed Ana's statement even after concluding she was a liar, which is what a liar's statement cannot be.
EI gave up when Ana's statement looked circular, instead of testing one assumption all the way through.
11.B — Box X is not redKA-0099Reading a logical statement precisely
AI read the rule backwards, as if being heavy were what makes a box red.
CI assumed not red must mean one particular other colour, when the rule says nothing about which.
DI contradicted the rule I was given rather than applying it to box X.
EI decided one fact could not settle anything, without testing what would follow if X were red.
12.C — 25KA-0109Arithmetic sequences and the nth term
AI added the step of 3 six times instead of seven, stopping at the seventh step.
BI multiplied 3 by 8 without adding the first step's blocks.
DI multiplied the step of 3 by 8 and added 4, taking one step too many.
EI multiplied the first step's 4 blocks by the step number instead of following the pattern.
13.B — 7KA-0131Back-solve from the answer choices
AI tested the first choice, got 13, and picked it anyway because it was close.
CI added the 3 to 17 instead of subtracting it, then halved the 20 that gave me.
DI subtracted 3 from 17 and gave that without halving it.
EI added 3 to 17 instead of undoing the addition by subtracting it.
14.C — 25KA-0135Digit-constraint puzzles
AI counted the odd numbers in one row of ten and treated that as the whole answer.
BI used four odd digits instead of five, forgetting that 9 is odd.
DI counted every two-digit number that is itself odd, which only fixes the last digit.
EI let the first digit be any of ten values rather than only the five odd ones.
15.C — 4KA-0140The multiplication principle
AI counted the codes that do start with A rather than the ones that do not.
BI counted the letters available for the first position instead of counting whole codes.
DI counted every arrangement of the three letters and forgot the restriction.
EI allowed letters to repeat, which the words each exactly once rule out.