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Worksheet generator
Pick what you want, print the page. The answer key comes with it, on its own sheet, and it tells you the mistake behind every wrong choice — not just which letter is right.
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1.A 3 by 3 board is drawn. How many 2 by 2 squares can be found on it, if they must line up with the grid?[3]
Text description of the figure
A square board divided into a 3 by 3 arrangement of nine equal small squares.
A1
B2
C4
D6
E9
2.How many of the numbers from 1 to 20 are not multiples of 3?[3]
A6
B13
C14
D17
E20
3.How many different two-digit numbers can be written using only the digits 1, 2 and 3, if a digit may be used twice?[3]
A3
B6
C9
D12
E27
4.A large triangle is cut by two lines from its top corner into three small triangles side by side. How many triangles of any size appear in the picture?[4]
Text description of the figure
A large triangle with two straight lines drawn from its top vertex down to the base, dividing it into three small triangles side by side.
A3
B4
C5
D6
E9
5.How many 2 by 2 squares fit on a 4 by 4 board, if they must line up with the grid?[4]
A4
B6
C8
D9
E16
6.A coin is tossed three times. In how many of the possible outcomes are there exactly two heads?[4]
A2
B3
C4
D6
E8
7.In how many ways can 7 be written as the sum of two different whole numbers bigger than zero? Swapping the order does not make a new way.[4]
A3
B4
C6
D7
E12
8.A three-digit code uses only the digits 1, 2 and 3, and digits may repeat. How many such codes contain at least one 3?[5]
A8
B9
C12
D19
E27
9.How many squares of any size can be found on a 3 by 3 board?[5]
A9
B10
C12
D13
E14
10.A code uses the letters A, B and C, each exactly once. How many codes do not start with A?[5]
A2
B3
C4
D6
E9
Math Kangaroo Star · https://kangaroo-atlas.vercel.app · seed 8 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 · Independent project, not affiliated with Math Kangaroo in USA, NFP.
Answer key — Math Kangaroo practice
Each wrong choice carries the thinking that produces it. When a student picks C, this is what they were doing.
1.C — 4KA-0001Counting by position (sliding window)
AI split the board into separate 2 by 2 blocks and only one whole block fitted, so I answered one.
BI slid the square across the top row and found two positions, then forgot it can also move down.
DI counted the four sliding positions and then added the two whole rows of the board as well.
EI counted the nine small squares on the board instead of the 2 by 2 squares.
2.C — 14KA-0051Complementary counting
AI counted the multiples of 3 and gave that instead of the numbers that are not multiples.
BI counted 21 as a multiple of 3 inside the range, so I removed one too many.
DI removed only the multiples of 3 that are also even, so I subtracted three instead of six.
EI gave the size of the whole range and forgot to remove anything at all.
3.C — 9KA-0072Systematic listing
AI counted only the numbers with two identical digits, like 11, 22 and 33.
BI required the two digits to be different, even though repeats are allowed.
DI allowed a fourth digit that was not in the list.
EI counted three-digit numbers instead of two-digit ones.
4.D — 6KA-0003Counting shapes hidden inside a figure
AI counted only the three small triangles I could see as separate cells and stopped there.
BI counted the three small triangles and added the whole big one, but forgot the two made of two cells.
CI found the three small ones and one pair, but missed the second pair of neighbouring triangles.
EI assumed every choice of two of the four lines would make a triangle, without checking each one.
5.D — 9KA-0046Counting by position (sliding window)
AI cut the board into four separate 2 by 2 blocks instead of sliding the square one step at a time.
BI counted the three sliding positions along the top and doubled them for two rows.
CI counted the positions along the top row and down the left column and added them.
EI counted the sixteen small squares on the board rather than the 2 by 2 squares.
6.B — 3KA-0068Tree diagrams
AI read the two in exactly two heads as the answer rather than as a condition to count.
CI counted the outcomes with two or more heads, so I included the three-head one as well.
DI counted the orderings of three different objects instead of listing the eight outcomes.
EI gave the total number of possible outcomes rather than the number with exactly two heads.
7.A — 3KA-0076Casework
BI included 0 and 7 as a pair, even though both numbers have to be bigger than zero.
CI counted both orders of each pair, even though swapping does not make a new way.
DI counted every starting number from 1 to 7 without checking which pairs repeat.
EI counted both orders and also allowed pairs of equal numbers.
8.D — 19KA-0018Complementary counting
AI counted the codes that avoid 3 entirely and gave that as my answer without subtracting.
BI counted the codes with a 3 in the first position only and forgot the other two positions.
CI counted the codes with exactly one 3 and forgot the ones with two or three of them.
EI counted every possible code and forgot to remove the ones with no 3 at all.
9.E — 14KA-0133Counting shapes hidden inside a figure
AI counted the nine small squares and stopped, missing every larger one.
BI counted the small squares and the whole board, forgetting the middle size entirely.
CI found the 2 by 2 squares by splitting the board into blocks, getting two instead of four.
DI slid the 2 by 2 square across and down but missed one of its four positions.
10.C — 4KA-0140The multiplication principle
AI counted the codes that do start with A rather than the ones that do not.
BI counted the letters available for the first position instead of counting whole codes.
DI counted every arrangement of the three letters and forgot the restriction.
EI allowed letters to repeat, which the words each exactly once rule out.