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1.A solid block is built from unit cubes and measures 4 by 3 by 2. How many unit cubes does it contain?[3]
Text description of the figure
A rectangular block built from unit cubes, 4 cubes long, 3 cubes deep and 2 cubes tall, drawn so that both layers are visible.
A9
B12
C18
D20
E24
2.Which of these arrangements of six squares cannot be folded into a closed cube?[3]
Text description of the figure
Four arrangements of six squares labelled A to D. A is a T shape, B is a straight line of six squares, C is a staircase of pairs, and D is a cross with a column of four and one square on each side.
Athe T shape
Bthe straight line of six
Cthe staircase
Dthe cross
Ethey all fold
3.Which of these is true of every rectangle?[3]
Aall four sides are the same length
Bthe diagonals cross at right angles
Cit has four lines of symmetry
Dthe angles add to 180 degrees
Ethe two diagonals are the same length
4.Three angles of a quadrilateral are 80, 95 and 110 degrees. What is the fourth angle?[3]
A65
B75
C85
D95
E105
5.Which capital letter, printed plainly, has both a horizontal and a vertical line of symmetry?[3]
AA
BB
CH
DT
EZ
6.A counter sits at the point (3, 5) on a grid. It moves 4 squares right and 2 squares down. Where is it now?[3]
A(1, 3)
B(1, 7)
C(5, 3)
D(7, 7)
E(7, 3)
7.In a triangle, one angle measures 30 degrees. Of the other two angles, one is exactly twice the other. What is the largest angle in the triangle?[3]
A50 degrees
B75 degrees
C100 degrees
D150 degrees
E90 degrees
8.A net of six squares folds into a cube. One square is shaded. Which square ends up opposite the shaded one?[4]
Text description of the figure
A net of six squares in a cross shape: a vertical column of four squares labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 from the top, with square 5 attached to the left of square 2 and square 6 attached to the right of square 2. Square 1 is shaded.
Asquare 2
Bsquare 3
Csquare 4
Dsquare 5
Esquare 6
9.On a standard die opposite faces add to 7. Two dice are stacked. The touching faces show 3 on the upper die and 5 on the lower. What number is on the bottom face?[4]
A1
B2
C3
D4
E5
10.A square of side 10 has a smaller square of side 4 cut out of one corner. What is the area of the shape that remains?[4]
Text description of the figure
A large square of side 10 with a smaller square of side 4 removed from its top-right corner, leaving an L-shaped region shaded.
A36
B60
C84
D96
E100
11.A flag shape is rotated a quarter turn clockwise about its bottom-left corner. Which of the descriptions matches the result?[4]
Text description of the figure
A flag shape drawn as an upright pole with a small triangle attached to the top right of the pole, standing on a marked corner point at the bottom of the pole.
Athe pole points right and the triangle is below it
Bthe pole points right and the triangle is above it
Cthe pole points left and the triangle is above it
Dthe pole points down and the triangle is to the left
Ethe pole points up and the triangle is on the left
12.A photograph is enlarged so that each side becomes 3 times as long. How many times bigger is its area?[4]
A3 times
B6 times
C9 times
D12 times
E27 times
13.A solid is built from unit cubes. The two pictures show it from above and from the front. What is the smallest number of cubes it could be made of?[4]
Text description of the figure
Two views side by side. The view from above is a solid 2 by 2 square of four cells. The view from the front is a solid 2 by 2 square, so the solid is two columns wide and reaches two cubes high.
A4
B5
C6
D7
E8
14.Two similar triangles have areas of 9 and 25 square units. A side of the smaller one is 6 units. How long is the matching side of the larger one?[4]
A8
B10
C12
D15
E18
15.What is the smaller angle between the hands of a clock at exactly 4 o'clock?[4]
A30
B60
C90
D120
E240
16.A photograph measures 8 cm by 12 cm. It is enlarged so that the shorter side becomes 20 cm, and the shape is not distorted. How long is the longer side of the enlargement?[4]
A24 cm
B30 cm
C32 cm
D4.8 cm
E18 cm
17.Two triangles are similar. The sides of the smaller are 3/5 as long as the matching sides of the larger. The smaller triangle has area 18 square cm. What is the area of the larger triangle?[4]
A30 sq cm
B50 sq cm
C45 sq cm
D10.8 sq cm
E90 sq cm
18.A square sheet is folded in half top to bottom, then in half left to right. One hole is punched through all the layers. How many holes are in the unfolded sheet?[5]
Text description of the figure
Three steps in a row: a square sheet, the same sheet folded in half top to bottom into a wide rectangle, and that rectangle folded in half left to right into a small square with a single punched hole near its centre.
A1
B2
C4
D6
E8
19.A room is 8 m long, 4 m wide and 2 m high. An ant walks across the floor and the walls from one bottom corner to the far top corner. What is the shortest distance in metres?[5]
Text description of the figure
The floor of a room, 8 metres by 4 metres, drawn flat, with one 8-metre-by-2-metre wall unfolded upwards from its far edge. A straight line joins the ant's starting corner on the floor to the opposite corner on the unfolded wall.
A9.2
B10
C11
D12
E14
20.A square sheet is folded in half, then in half again. Two holes are punched through all the layers. How many holes are there when it is unfolded?[5]
A2
B4
C6
D8
E16
Math Kangaroo Star · https://kangaroo-atlas.vercel.app · seed 5 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 · Independent project, not affiliated with Math Kangaroo in USA, NFP.
Answer key — Math Kangaroo practice
Each wrong choice carries the thinking that produces it. When a student picks C, this is what they were doing.
1.E — 24KA-0038Building and counting with unit cubes
AI added the three measurements together instead of multiplying them.
BI counted one layer of 4 by 3 and forgot that the block is two layers tall.
CI read the block as 3 by 3 by 2 because the drawing hid the far column.
DI counted only the cubes whose faces I could actually see in the picture.
2.B — the straight line of sixKA-0048Nets and folding, 2D to 3D
AI assumed any arrangement that is not a simple line must fail to fold.
CI thought a staircase would overlap when folded, without tracking a single face through the fold.
DI picked the cross because it looks unusual, even though it is the most familiar cube net there is.
EI checked that each arrangement had six squares and assumed six squares is enough.
3.E — the two diagonals are the same lengthKA-0079Properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
AI confused a rectangle with a square, which is only one special kind of rectangle.
BI remembered a fact about squares and rhombuses and applied it to every rectangle.
CI counted the two diagonals as lines of symmetry, which only works for a square.
DI used the angle sum of a triangle on a four-sided shape.
4.B — 75KA-0088Angles on lines, in triangles, in polygons
AI added the three angles wrongly, getting 295 instead of 285.
CI used an angle sum of 370, mis-remembering the total for a quadrilateral.
DI repeated one of the given angles instead of computing the missing one.
EI used the triangle's 180 degrees and then adjusted, rather than the quadrilateral's 360.
5.C — HKA-0142Line and rotational symmetry
AI found the vertical fold and assumed a horizontal one must work too.
BI found the horizontal fold and stopped without testing the vertical one.
DI counted the vertical fold twice rather than testing a horizontal one.
EI mistook turning the letter upside down for folding it, which is rotation rather than symmetry about a line.
6.E — (7, 3)KA-0145Grid coordinates and lattice reasoning
AI moved left instead of right, subtracting the 4 rather than adding it.
BI moved left and up, reversing both directions.
CI swapped the two coordinates round before moving.
DI moved up instead of down, adding the 2 rather than subtracting it.
7.C — 100 degreesKA-0152Angles on lines, in triangles, in polygons
AI found the smaller of the two unknown angles and stopped before doubling it.
BI split the remaining 150 degrees into two equal halves instead of a one-to-two split.
DI split the remainder evenly into 75 and 75, then doubled one of them.
EI assumed that the largest angle in a triangle like this must be a right angle.
8.B — square 3KA-0005Nets and folding, 2D to 3D
AI picked the square directly next to the shaded one in the net, but neighbours in the net share an edge on the cube.
CI counted to the far end of the column, assuming the square furthest away in the net is the one opposite.
DI picked one of the side flaps because it is not touching the shaded square in the drawing.
EI picked the other side flap for the same reason, without tracking what happens as the net folds.
9.B — 2KA-0016Dice and cube face relationships
AI used the upper die's touching face instead of the lower one, so I worked from 3 rather than 5.
CI gave the number on a touching face itself rather than the number opposite it.
DI subtracted 3 from 7 because I confused which die was sitting on which.
EI gave the lower die's upward face, which is the number I was told, not the hidden one underneath.
10.C — 84KA-0027Area by subtraction (shaded regions)
AI gave the area of the square that was cut out instead of the area that remains.
BI subtracted the side length of the small square from the area of the big one.
DI subtracted 4 rather than the small square's area of 16.
EI gave the area of the whole square and forgot that a piece had been removed.
11.A — the pole points right and the triangle is below itKA-0039Reflections, rotations, translations
BI turned the pole the right way but kept the triangle on the side it started on.
CI turned the shape anticlockwise instead of clockwise.
DI turned the shape half a turn instead of a quarter turn.
EI reflected the shape in a vertical line instead of rotating it.
12.C — 9 timesKA-0042Scaling and similar figures
AI applied the length scale factor straight to the area.
BI doubled the scale factor because area involves two dimensions, instead of squaring it.
DI multiplied the scale factor by four, as though area scaled with the number of sides.
EI cubed the scale factor, which is the rule for volume rather than area.
13.C — 6KA-0081Views of a solid: top, front, side
AI used the view from above only, giving one cube per square, and ignored the height the front view demands.
BI made just one column two cubes tall, forgetting that the front view is two cubes high across its whole width.
DI added an extra cube that neither view requires.
EI assumed the solid is a filled 2 by 2 by 2 block, which is the largest that fits rather than the smallest.
14.B — 10KA-0087Scaling and similar figures
AI added the difference between the areas' square roots to the side rather than multiplying by their ratio.
CI doubled the side because the larger area is roughly double the smaller.
DI used the ratio of the areas as if it were the ratio of the lengths, then adjusted.
EI multiplied the side by the ratio of the areas divided by three, mixing up which ratio applies to lengths.
15.D — 120KA-0148Clock geometry: hands, angles, times
AI gave the angle for a single hour mark rather than the four marks between the hands.
BI counted two hour marks instead of four.
CI assumed any gap of a few hours is a right angle, as it is at three o'clock.
EI measured the angle the long way round the clock face instead of the smaller one.
16.B — 30 cmKA-0155Scaling and similar figures
AI kept the difference of 4 cm between the two sides instead of keeping their ratio.
CI added 20 to 12 rather than scaling 12.
DI used the scale factor upside down and multiplied 12 by 8/20 instead of 20/8.
EI multiplied 12 by 1.5, the ratio between the original sides, instead of by the enlargement factor.
17.B — 50 sq cmKA-0164Scaling and similar figures
AI scaled the area by 5/3, using the side ratio directly instead of its square.
CI multiplied the area by 2.5, halfway between the side ratio and its square.
DI scaled by 3/5 instead of 5/3, making the larger triangle smaller.
EI multiplied by 5 and ignored the 3 in the ratio entirely.
18.C — 4KA-0020Paper folding and hole punching
AI forgot that the punch goes through every layer at once, not just the top one.
BI undid only one of the two folds before counting the holes.
DI doubled for the first fold and then added two more rather than doubling a second time.
EI counted a fold that was never made, doubling three times instead of twice.
19.B — 10KA-0082Shortest paths on and around shapes
AI measured the straight line through the middle of the room, but the ant has to stay on the surfaces.
CI unfolded the room but folded out the short wall rather than the one that makes the shortest route.
DI chose an unfolding that gives a longer straight line and did not compare it with the others.
EI walked along the edges of the room, 8 then 4 then 2, instead of cutting straight across the surfaces.
20.D — 8KA-0134Paper folding and hole punching
AI forgot that the punch goes through every layer, not just the top one.
BI undid only one of the two folds before counting.
CI doubled twice for the folds but added the second hole instead of doubling for it too.
EI counted three folds instead of two, doubling one time too many.