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1.A net of six squares folds into a cube. One square is shaded. Which square ends up opposite the shaded one?[4]
Text description of the figure
A net of six squares in a cross shape: a vertical column of four squares labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 from the top, with square 5 attached to the left of square 2 and square 6 attached to the right of square 2. Square 1 is shaded.
Asquare 2
Bsquare 3
Csquare 4
Dsquare 5
Esquare 6
2.On a standard die opposite faces add to 7. Two dice are stacked. The touching faces show 3 on the upper die and 5 on the lower. What number is on the bottom face?[4]
A1
B2
C3
D4
E5
3.Red and blue counters are in the ratio 3 to 5. There are 40 counters altogether. How many are red?[4]
A5
B8
C13
D15
E24
4.A sequence starts 4, 7, 10, 13 and continues in the same way. What is the 20th term?[4]
A57
B60
C61
D63
E64
5.What is the remainder when 2 to the power 30 is divided by 7?[4]
A1
B2
C4
D5
E6
6.Two similar triangles have areas of 9 and 25 square units. A side of the smaller one is 6 units. How long is the matching side of the larger one?[4]
A8
B10
C12
D15
E18
7.Five children queue up. Ana is somewhere ahead of Bo. Cal is behind Bo but ahead of Dee. Eve is last. Who is second in the queue?[4]
AAna
BBo
CCal
DDee
Eit cannot be decided
8.Dots are arranged in triangles: 1 dot, then 3, then 6, then 10, and so on. How many dots does the tenth triangle have?[4]
A36
B45
C55
D66
E100
9.Which of these numbers has exactly 6 different whole-number factors, counting 1 and the number itself?[4]
A12
B15
C16
D25
E27
10.Four litres of a solution that is 25 percent acid are mixed with six litres of a solution that is 50 percent acid. What percentage of the mixture is acid?[4]
A40 percent
B37.5 percent
C75 percent
D35 percent
E30 percent
Math Kangaroo Star · https://kangaroo-atlas.vercel.app · seed 5 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 · Independent project, not affiliated with Math Kangaroo in USA, NFP.
Answer key — Math Kangaroo practice
Each wrong choice carries the thinking that produces it. When a student picks C, this is what they were doing.
1.B — square 3KA-0005Nets and folding, 2D to 3D
AI picked the square directly next to the shaded one in the net, but neighbours in the net share an edge on the cube.
CI counted to the far end of the column, assuming the square furthest away in the net is the one opposite.
DI picked one of the side flaps because it is not touching the shaded square in the drawing.
EI picked the other side flap for the same reason, without tracking what happens as the net folds.
2.B — 2KA-0016Dice and cube face relationships
AI used the upper die's touching face instead of the lower one, so I worked from 3 rather than 5.
CI gave the number on a touching face itself rather than the number opposite it.
DI subtracted 3 from 7 because I confused which die was sitting on which.
EI gave the lower die's upward face, which is the number I was told, not the hidden one underneath.
3.D — 15KA-0024Ratio as parts of a whole
AI found what one part is worth and gave that as my answer instead of multiplying it back up.
BI divided 40 by the five blue parts instead of by the eight parts that make the whole.
CI read the ratio 3 to 5 as meaning 3 out of every 5 and worked from that.
EI found the value of one part correctly but then multiplied by 5 instead of 3, giving the blue counters.
4.C — 61KA-0030Arithmetic sequences and the nth term
AI added the step 18 times, counting the gaps between terms one too few.
BI multiplied the step of 3 by 20 and forgot that the first term is already in place.
DI used a first term of 3 instead of 4 while adding 20 steps.
EI added the step 20 times to the first term instead of 19 times.
5.A — 1KA-0053Remainders and modular cycles
BI found the cycle 2, 4, 1 but read the remainder of 30 divided by 3 as one instead of zero.
CI counted the cycle positions from zero, which shifted my answer one step along.
DI divided 30 by 7 and used that remainder rather than the remainder of the powers.
EI assumed the remainder would be one less than the divisor because the power is large.
6.B — 10KA-0087Scaling and similar figures
AI added the difference between the areas' square roots to the side rather than multiplying by their ratio.
CI doubled the side because the larger area is roughly double the smaller.
DI used the ratio of the areas as if it were the ratio of the lengths, then adjusted.
EI multiplied the side by the ratio of the areas divided by three, mixing up which ratio applies to lengths.
7.B — BoKA-0092Ordering and ranking from clues
AI gave the child who is first rather than the one who is second.
CI placed Cal directly after Ana, reading ahead of Dee as meaning immediately ahead.
DI built the order backwards from the last position instead of forwards from the first.
EI assumed the clues left several orders open without checking that they chain into a single one.
8.C — 55KA-0107Growth patterns and figurate numbers
AI stopped at the eighth triangle, losing count while adding the rows.
BI gave the ninth triangle instead of the tenth, being one row short.
DI gave the eleventh triangle, adding one row too many.
EI squared the position number, which describes square patterns rather than triangular ones.
9.A — 12KA-0122Back-solve from the answer choices
BI assumed a number with two different prime factors always has six factors.
CI counted the factors of 16 as six by including a number twice.
DI assumed a square number has six factors without listing them.
EI counted the powers of 3 up to 27 and thought there were six of them.
10.A — 40 percentKA-0165Mixtures and weighted averages
BI averaged 25 and 50 without weighting by how much of each solution there was.
CI added the two percentages together, which cannot be right because a mixture can never be stronger than its strongest ingredient.
DI weighted the percentages by the wrong volumes, giving the 25 percent solution the larger share.
EI used only the acid from the weaker solution and spread it over all ten litres.