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Worksheet generator
Pick what you want, print the page. The answer key comes with it, on its own sheet, and it tells you the mistake behind every wrong choice — not just which letter is right.
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1.How many of the numbers from 1 to 20 are not multiples of 3?[3]
A6
B13
C14
D17
E20
2.A rectangle is divided by two vertical lines into three parts. How many rectangles of any size are in the picture?[3]
Text description of the figure
A wide rectangle divided by two vertical lines into three smaller rectangles side by side.
A3
B4
C6
D7
E9
3.How many different two-digit numbers can be written using only the digits 1, 2 and 3, if a digit may be used twice?[3]
A3
B6
C9
D12
E27
4.A large triangle is cut by two lines from its top corner into three small triangles side by side. How many triangles of any size appear in the picture?[4]
Text description of the figure
A large triangle with two straight lines drawn from its top vertex down to the base, dividing it into three small triangles side by side.
A3
B4
C5
D6
E9
5.A coin is tossed three times. In how many of the possible outcomes are there exactly two heads?[4]
A2
B3
C4
D6
E8
6.Each of the four edges of a square is painted either black or white. Two paintings count as the same if one can be rotated onto the other. How many genuinely different paintings are there?[4]
A6
B16
C4
D8
E5
7.Four beads - one red, one green, one blue, one yellow - are threaded on a circular bracelet. Two bracelets are the same if one can be rotated into the other. How many different bracelets are there?[5]
A3
B4
C6
D12
E24
8.A drawer holds 10 red socks, 10 blue socks and 10 green socks, all mixed up in the dark. How many socks must you take out to be sure of having a matching pair?[5]
A2
B3
C4
D11
E31
9.A code uses the letters A, B and C, each exactly once. How many codes do not start with A?[5]
A2
B3
C4
D6
E9
10.An ordinary six-sided die is rolled three times. What is the probability that at least one roll shows a six?[5]
A91/216
B1/2
C125/216
D3/216
E1/6
Math Kangaroo Star · https://kangaroo-atlas.vercel.app · seed 9 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 · Independent project, not affiliated with Math Kangaroo in USA, NFP.
Answer key — Math Kangaroo practice
Each wrong choice carries the thinking that produces it. When a student picks C, this is what they were doing.
1.C — 14KA-0051Complementary counting
AI counted the multiples of 3 and gave that instead of the numbers that are not multiples.
BI counted 21 as a multiple of 3 inside the range, so I removed one too many.
DI removed only the multiples of 3 that are also even, so I subtracted three instead of six.
EI gave the size of the whole range and forgot to remove anything at all.
2.C — 6KA-0054Counting shapes hidden inside a figure
AI counted only the three small rectangles drawn as separate cells and stopped there.
BI counted the three small rectangles and the whole one, and forgot the two made of two cells.
DI counted a rectangle made of the left and right cells, even though they are not next to each other.
EI assumed any pair of the four vertical lines makes a rectangle without checking each one.
3.C — 9KA-0072Systematic listing
AI counted only the numbers with two identical digits, like 11, 22 and 33.
BI required the two digits to be different, even though repeats are allowed.
DI allowed a fourth digit that was not in the list.
EI counted three-digit numbers instead of two-digit ones.
4.D — 6KA-0003Counting shapes hidden inside a figure
AI counted only the three small triangles I could see as separate cells and stopped there.
BI counted the three small triangles and added the whole big one, but forgot the two made of two cells.
CI found the three small ones and one pair, but missed the second pair of neighbouring triangles.
EI assumed every choice of two of the four lines would make a triangle, without checking each one.
5.B — 3KA-0068Tree diagrams
AI read the two in exactly two heads as the answer rather than as a condition to count.
CI counted the outcomes with two or more heads, so I included the three-head one as well.
DI counted the orderings of three different objects instead of listing the eight outcomes.
EI gave the total number of possible outcomes rather than the number with exactly two heads.
6.A — 6KA-0173Counting up to symmetry
BI counted every colouring of the four edges and forgot that rotations make some of them identical.
CI divided 16 by 4, but that only works when no painting is left unchanged by a rotation, and some are.
DI halved 16, treating only the 180 degree turn as a symmetry.
EI listed by how many edges are black but forgot that two black edges can be adjacent or opposite.
7.C — 6KA-0025Counting up to symmetry
AI also treated bracelets that are mirror images as the same, but only rotations were allowed.
BI divided the number of beads by itself rather than dividing the number of arrangements by the number of rotations.
DI divided the 24 arrangements by 2 instead of by the 4 rotations of a circle of four beads.
EI counted every arrangement in a line and forgot that rotating a bracelet gives the same bracelet.
8.C — 4KA-0040The pigeonhole principle
AI answered with the lucky case, where the first two socks happen to match.
BI used the number of colours as my answer without adding one for the sock that must repeat.
DI worked from the number of socks of each colour instead of the number of colours.
EI took the whole drawer, guaranteeing a pair but far more socks than are needed.
9.C — 4KA-0140The multiplication principle
AI counted the codes that do start with A rather than the ones that do not.
BI counted the letters available for the first position instead of counting whole codes.
DI counted every arrangement of the three letters and forgot the restriction.
EI allowed letters to repeat, which the words each exactly once rule out.
10.A — 91/216KA-0168Complementary counting
BI added 1/6 three times, which counts the overlapping cases more than once and would exceed 1 for seven rolls.
CI worked out the probability of NO six and forgot to subtract it from 1.
DI found the probability of three sixes instead of at least one.
EI gave the probability for a single roll and ignored that there are three.